You can test it with a multimeter.
Furnace thermal coupler.
Natural gas and propane burn cleaner than fuel oil and most gas furnaces present fewer operational difficulties than oil burners do.
Every gas appliance with a standing pilot that cycles on and off needs a thermocouple.
Fortunately cleaning a thermocouple is a repair most handy homeowners can do themselves.
If no flame is present the sensor stops or prevents the flow of gas from the gas valve thus preventing the dangerous situation of gas flowing into the appliance when there.
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Most gas furnaces use either a flame sensor or a thermocouple often referred to as a thermal coupler both are safety devices that sense the presence of a flame and control the flow of gas to the appliance accordingly.
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This device generates a small electric signal to keep the gas valve open when the pilot is on.
If it accumulates soot it can give off a faulty reading and shut off the furnace.